Monday, December 30, 2019

Educ 105 (2016) - 1785 Words

Applications of Piaget and Vygostsky’s cognitive developmental theories in a practical classroom environment Piaget and Vygotsky have antonymous beliefs when dealing with the concepts of cognitive development. Vygotsky believes in development through social behaviour whilst Piaget believes in individuals acquiring knowledge on their own. Both however, believe that the interaction between development and learning hold significant implications for a child’s growth. This essay discusses some of the philosophical beliefs of each theorist in regards to a scenario based in the classroom of a year five teacher named Ann. Ann reinforces classroom lessons through the outdoor environment, exemplifying Piaget’s theories of constructivist based†¦show more content†¦Woolfolk amp; Markets (2007) discuss the use of certain ‘cultural tools’ playing an important role in cognitive development; these tools can be anything from the Internet to language or numbers. Ann displays techniques through collaborative group work that run true to these theories. Piaget also suggested an individual would not come to organise his/her operations in a coherent whole if they did not engage in thought exchanges and cooperation with others (Piaget, 1947, p. 174). Ann is breaking students up into different groups to perform different activities; this is portrayed through one group collecting rainfall data and another group taking notes on the impact the rain has on ants living in the area. Ann’s socially-constructive pedagogical approach to her lessons through the use of cooperative learning will exemplify Vygotsky’s theories of peer-peer scaffolding as well as the zone of proximal development. Vygotsky’s theory ‘The zone of proximal development’ is also being demonstrated through Ann’s teaching methods for her year five class. The zone of proximal development refers to a conceivable range of learning evolution in regards to the students’ age and the amount of assisted knowledge they are given. This information can be given through direct information, scaffolding or cooperative learning. Ann (as the more knowledgeable) would be required to offer a certain level of information to the children before expecting them toShow MoreRelatedSmoking Cessation Of Pregnancy : Review Of Current Strategies9414 Words   |  38 PagesWhich measures of cigarette dependence are predictors of smoking cessation during pregnancy? Analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial. Addiction, 2016 Sep; 111(9):1656-65. Boucher J, Konkle A. Understanding Inequalities of Maternal Smoking? Bridging the Gap with Adapted Intervention Strategies. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2016 Mar;13(3): 282. Lumley J, Chamberlain C, Dowswell T, Oliver S, Oakley L, Watson L. Interventions for promoting smoking cessation during pregnancy. Cochrane

Sunday, December 22, 2019

High School Vs. College - 965 Words

High School vs. College In the American schooling system, children begin primary school around the age of six, this is called elementary school and most students stay there for five to six years before they go on to secondary school which involves middle school and high school. After graduating high school some students may go on to â€Å"higher education† known as college, but any schooling done after high school is no longer mandatory. In high school there is a certain structure that has to be followed. Students are required to be at school in their first hour class, which is the same every day until the next semester/trimester, at the same time every morning. After first hour they go on to their second hour and so on and so forth until the day is over and they are free. Day after day and year after year high schoolers wake up and follow the same routine as the day before and are expected to do it with a smile on their face and no back talk. College on the other hand, is a different story. In college there is no set structure. Every student has a different schedule and different classes. It is entirely up to the college student to pick their own schedule and make sure it works for them. Every day could be different for a college student, there is not going to be the same classes every day, they are going to be spread out. College life is an intensely chaotic jump from the structure and sameness of high school life. High schoolers have forced socialShow MoreRelatedCollege Vs. High School858 Words   |  4 PagesCollege Vs. High School Some may think that high school and college reading and writing are similar and that it’s just the next level up but it s not, they differentiate in many ways. College reading and writing is more than that, it’s a completely different world when compared to high school. It’s much more advanced and complexed. Some ideas that can be compared are the way we annotate, understand text, assignment topics, the depth of research, and so on. This is important to understanding howRead MoreHigh School Vs. College873 Words   |  4 PagesHigh School Vs. College The transition from high school to college is not only an exciting challenge, but also a great milestone in one’s life. High school and college both share the common goal of expanding students’ knowledge; however, there are many differences between high school and college. They are similar in such ways that you still have to go to class, do class work, take test, and study hard. They differ because in college one is taking on an entire new load of responsibility and optionsRead MoreHigh School Vs. College1149 Words   |  5 PagesProfessor Grunow Writing 1010 October 26, 2015 High School vs. College Graduating from high school is what every student is looking forward to. However, going to college is a big accomplishment for all students. The first day of freshman high school and college feels the same, the excitement and pressured. As many students experienced, both high school and college could be compared their similarities. First, both students in college and high school are expected to behave in well mannered, attendRead MoreCollege Vs. High School938 Words   |  4 PagesWelcome to college! Congratulations on making it this far! Now the time comes to ramp up the ante! No such program as stepping up to college exists as it does for for high school. Oh wait! It’s called high school. Move it or lose it now, your future rests on your shoulders. High school teachers just handed you your future based on the way you schooled, and college professors tell you to figure it out. College trips up hundreds of students a year, refrain from letting yourself become one ofRe ad MoreHigh School Vs. College1217 Words   |  5 PagesHigh School vs. College In the America, children begin school around the age of six. Once a student enters elementary school, most stay there for five to six years before they go on to secondary school, which involves middle school and high school. After graduating high school some students go on to pursue a â€Å"higher education† through college, but any further schooling after high school is no longer mandatory. In the professional world it is becoming harder and harder for high school students toRead MoreHigh School Vs. College923 Words   |  4 PagesEng. 110-48 31 August 2015 High School Vs. College High school and college are both higher education institutions that enlighten students; however, there are many differences between the two that make them both unique. In high school, the goal is to gain a broad understanding of numerous subjects so that when they arrive to college, they have an understanding of their interests, goals, dreams, and what it takes to pursue their potential career. High school works as a place for students toRead MoreHigh School Vs. College1236 Words   |  5 Pages201    High school vs. College Having a great education is the best legacy in life. It is a proven fact. This accomplishment requires moving on from high school, as well as from college. Moving from high school to college might be an energizing change, yet it is additionally an exceptionally troublesome one. It is a test that the understudy will battle with and in the end change in accordance with after some time. Despite the fact that there are numerous contrasts between high school and college, oneRead MoreHigh School Vs. College853 Words   |  4 Pagesdifference between high school and college from having bells to a no dress policy. For high school students, they are obligated to go, and if they don’t attend then the government comes into play. As for college, it s a choice to go back to school. Students in college have variety of classes to choose from and freedom,etc. This could be freedom from parents or just doing whatever you want without parents barking at you, because you are now an adult. Even though I have been in college for only a semesterRead MoreHigh School Vs. College1294 Words   |  6 PagesHigh School Versus College Schools are undoubtedly important to one’s education. The most important of those schools are high schools and colleges because they have the most impact on deciding what occupation a student wants to pursue. Although high schools and colleges share similarities in providing education, there are also many differences between each other. In both high schools and colleges there are teachers that educate students on certain subjects. Those subjects can range from mathematicsRead MoreHigh School Vs. College1434 Words   |  6 Pagespeople believe that transitioning from a High School environment to a College environment is arduous, others believe it is effortless. High School and College both require teachers and work, but they both have differences that many people are not aware of. People will say that college and High School are similar because they both require effort for one to pass, but what they do not realize is the amount of effort which is necessary for each. With High School, teachers give students busy work that will

Friday, December 13, 2019

Branded Luggage Analysis Free Essays

DSS 21106 AdverMsing Management Campaign Delsey – Client Team TA1 Cham Ka Yan Polly Chui Tsz Shan Didian Koon Tsz Ling Cuby Lai Paak Ling Paakling Leung Hoi Man Niki Leung Wing Nam Erica Tsai Chi Ho Harold Tse Lai Shuen Sherry Wong Yi Tsang Anna 52214988 52213200 52214349 52235277 52214546 52213574 52215844 52215764 52213629 1 Delsey - ­? Background: †¢? Founded: France in 1946 †¢? Founder: Delahaye Seynhaeve brothers †¢? Name: The company named by the Founder who are Mr. DELAHAYE and he †¢? Slogan: Travel Smart SEYNHAEVE brothers, they combine their name – DELSEY †¢? Head o? ce: France †¢? Business: Delsey Design, an integrated research and creaMon laboratory of 7 designers has implemented a consistent creaMve approach. Delsey designers draw their inspiraMon from a range of rich and unique spheres (as fashion, car and sport industry) focusing their creaMvity to invent ever more innovaMve luggage 2 Delsey - ­? History: 1946 The Seynhaev e brothers joined with Mr. We will write a custom essay sample on Branded Luggage Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Delahaye and together created the DELSEY brand 1972 The revolution: the first rigid suitcase on wheels 1975 Creation of a rigid luggage in injection-moulded polypropylene 1984 First semi-rigid ‘Helium’ suitcase built on an injected monobloc frame 1993 Creation of the ‘Dual Drive’ concept, a rolled suitcase on 2 or 4 wheels 1999 Wheels pack system (patented) stopping wheels scraping against the back 2001 Creation of the largest and lightest polypropylene suitcase in the world 2006 Easy removable wheel system (patent pending) 2008 First fiberglass structure with shape memory (patent pending) 2009 Introduction of the lightest soft suitcase in the world 2010 Launch of Zip Securi Tech, an exclusive security innovation (patented) 3 Delsey- ­? Trademark Information 4 †¢? The Trademark: Delsey ® Delsey- ­? Trademark Registration 5 Delsey - ­? Spirit: †¢? DELSEY creates LIGHT and DESIGN luggage with HIGH QUALITY standards †¢? No compromises on FUNCTIONALITIES †¢? Discovers the equaMon between lightness and resistance †¢? DELSEY LUGGAGE ARE SUBJECTED TO RIGOROUS TESTS OF QUALITY FOR HOMOLOGATION †¢? Enjoy the perfect balance between useful and essenMal funcMons 6 Delsey - ­? Spirit: Design Innova@on are †¦ †¢? FOCUSED on your needs DETERMINED on innova@on SHINING AHEAD so you can feel the di? erence 7 Delsey – Innovations †¢? Totally 10 InnovaMons from 1972 – 2010 †¢? 1972: The 1st rolley hardside suitcase with wheels †¢? 2001: World’s largest hardside polypropylene suitcase †¢? 2009: The lightest DELSEY soa suitcase †¢? 2010: ZIP SECURI TECH 8 Delsey – Innovations 2010 - ­? ZIP SECURI TECH 2009 - ­? The lightest DELSEY 9 soa suitcase Delsey – Awards †¢? Totally 9 Design Awards †¢? Best product of the year in Cannes Tax free Word- ­? wide ExhibiMon †¢? Special award at the Paris leather goods fair †¢? ILM O? en bach award for innovaMve design 1975 : French Export Oscar Award 1987 : French Export Oscar Award for excepMonal performance 1992: Product of the Year Award from the BriMsh luggage associaMon 1998 : Cannes Tax free Word- ­? ide ExhibiMon, best product of the Year 2004 : Special award at the Paris leather good fair 2006 : NominaMon for InnovaMon during the Milano Impel exhibiMon 2009 : ILM O? enbach award for innovaMve design 2010 : Nominated by Observeur du design 2011 : Nominated by Observeur du design 10 11 Delsey – Kapferer’s Branding System Delsey Travel Business Endorser Brand Travel NecessiMes Delsey school Umbrella Brand 12 Endorsing brand Line Brand Umbrella Brand 13 Product Brand Endorsing brand Umbrella Brand Line Brand 14 Endorsing brand Umbrella Brand Line Brand Product Brand 15 Delsey †¢? Endorser brand Umbrella brand ? TELESCOPIC   TROLLEY CART FOLDABLE TROLLEY CART LUGGAGE SCALE AUTOMATIC POCKET UMBRELLA DRY BOX SAFETY CABLE POCKE T UMBRELLA TRAVEL PILLOW ERGONOMIC TRAVEL PILLOW DE LUXE HANGTAG TRAVEL CUSHION FOR THE BACK SET OF 2 PROTECTION COVERS FOR SHOES AND LAUNDRY SET OF 3 PROTECTION COVERS FOR SHIRTS, UNDERWEAR AND SOCKS TRANSPARENT POUCH FOR LIQUIDS AEROSOLS AND GELS TSA LUGGAGE STRAP WITH 3? VDIGIT COMBINATION LOCK DELUXE UNIVERSAL ELECTRICAL PLUG ADAPTOR 16 WITH USB CONNECTION Travel Necessi@es †¢? FOLDABLE TRAVEL BAG †¢? FOLDABLE BACKPACK †¢? FOLDABLE SHOPPING BAG †¢? TOILETRY ORGANISER SIZE L †¢? WET PACK †¢? REPORTER BAG †¢? ORGANISED BELT BAG †¢? SMALL VERTICAL REPORTER BAG †¢? MULTIFUNCTION BELT BAG †¢? TOILETRY ORGANISER SIZE S †¢? DOCUMENT HOLDER WITH ZIPPED CLOSURE †¢? NECK BAG †¢? WAIST BAG †¢? EXPANDABLE SUITCASE COVER L/XL †¢? EXPANDABLE SUITCASE COVER M/L †¢? DOCUMENT HOLDER WITH ELASTIC CLOSURE †¢? TRAVEL COMPANION †¢? VERTICAL MULTIFUNCTION POUCH SIZE M/L †¢? HORIZONTAL MULTIFUNCTION POUCH †¢? VERTICAL MULTIFUNCTION POUCH SIZE S/M †¢? 3 ZIP POUCH †¢? CLOTHES COVER †¢? MULTIPOCKET HOLSTER BAG †¢? 2 FUNNY HANGTAGS †¢? DIGITAL LUGGAGE SCALE Product †¢? 3? VDIGIT COMBINATION PADLOCK brand DELSEY Endorser brand DELSEY SCHOOL Umbrella brand 1–CPT ROUND BACKPA CK 31 CM 1– GUSSET SCHOOL BAG LARGE PENCIL CASE DUO BOX LUNCH BAG 2–CPT PENCIL CASE PENCIL CASE DUO BOX VERTIC AL WPS TROLLE Y BACKPA CK HORIZO NTAL WPS TROLLE Y BACKPA CK 44 CM 2– GUSSET SCHOOL BAG 40 CM 2– GUSSET SCHOOL BAG 2–CPT ROUND BACKPA CK 17 Line brand Product Aoributes 18 Delsey Commitment to Quality †¢? DELSEY Luggage are subjected to rigorous tests of quality 1. Wheels 2. Shells 3. Shoulder and carry straps 4. Sliding closures 5. Buckle and metal parts ?nishes 19 Delsey Commitment to Quality (1) 1. Wheels - ­? Wheels are made to carry fully loaded luggage over 30 kilometers of abrasive surfaces and obstacles e? Able to surmount such abrasive surfaces and obstacles and urable Being pulled down to the stairs Being pulled on the ?at ?oor 20 Delsey Commitment to Quality (2) 2. Shells - ­? the loaded suitcase is placed one meter above the ground. It is then dropped in 26 di? erent Places - ­? producing a total of 26 impacts. e? Ensure the luggage is not easy to be broken no r accidentally opened even fall down in a height 21 Delsey Commitment to Quality (3) 3. Shoulder and carry straps - ­? are tested by being raised/lowered several thousand Mmes. e? Ensure the luggage is durable for carrying 22 Delsey Commitment to Quality (4) 4. Sliding closures - ­? can be opened and closed 5,000 Mmes, the equivalent of 5 years’ ormal everyday use. Repeatedly being opened and closed for 5,000 Mmes e? To guarantee the zippers are durable and capable to cope with normal everyday use 23 Delsey Commitment to Quality (5) 5. Buckle and metal parts ?nishes - ­? are subjected to extreme corrosive and weather condiMons to test resistance to rust. Fabrics have to pass tear resistance tests. e? Guarantee the luggage are durable in materials and surmount most environmental changes 24 Delsey – CODE SECURI TECH  § Every luggage that has a unique code or CODE SECURI TECH. †¢? registraMon on our partner’s site RegProtect, via DELSEY. com a? opMmize s your chances of ?nding lost luggage y using the Internet to put you in contact with the ?nder. a? Able to ?nd the luggage back even there is a mistake of being taken by others 25 Delsey – ZIP SECURI TECH †¢? Exclusive Delsey anM- ­? thea innovaMon †¢? Unique major technological revoluMon and innovaMve secure closure system †¢? Strength e? ciently combats risk of luggage 26 Delsey – Luggage Security Locks †¢? TSA LOCK †¢? Used by American TransportaMon Security AdministraMon (TSA) †¢? Allows the US authoriMes to check your luggage without damaging it 27 Delsey – Luggage Security Locks COMBINATION LOCKS O Ensuring e? ecMve protecMon for personal belongings COMBINATION PADLOCKS O Can nsert on certain luggage in the middle zipper and pocket for extra security 28 Delsey’s Exclusive Design  § Delsey commitment to design and technology †¢? Delsey has its own design laboratory to develop exclusive innova@ons and patents â € ¢? Every product created and designed in France, at the very curng edge of technology O Quality and magneMsm is guaranteed 29 Delsey – Individualism Luggage †¢? Customer can put on their favorite painMng or picture on the hardside luggage for free O Every Saturday and Sunday they will demonstrate in the 3 retail store at 12pm, 3pm and 6pm 30 Delsey – Guaranteed Warrants  § INTERNATIONAL WARRANT †¢? All DELSEY roducts are guaranteed 5 years †¢? Using high speci? ca@on materials and subjected to stringent quality controls †¢? Guarantees world- ­? wide †¢? Against any manufacturing defects under the terms of the condiMons described on the guarantee coupon inside the luggage. 31 Delsey – Ultra Light Weight †¢? Lightweight, the concern essenMal issue for all Delsey product †¢? Lightened up the average weight of a luggage by 1. 1kg to 2. 1kg for soa ranges and up to 1. 2 kg for its hard ranges O Fiber Lite (O? ering extreme l ightness) O Lite Gloss (Lightness for hardside) O X’Pert Lite (ExperMse serving light weight) O Secur- ­? lite (Combining security, esilience and light weight) 32 Partnership - ­? Delsey Camera Bags †¢? In 2001, AGENA and DELSEY started the development of a camera bag collecMon - ­? called Delsey Camera Bags. 33 Partnership - ­? Delsey Camera Bags †¢? Inspired by the French Delsey styling, we developed a superb collecMon of bags ideally suited for photographic equipment. Each and every model of the Delsey camera bag collecMon has been carefully studied to saMsfy the photographers’ speci? c requirements, such as extra padding, easy accessibility and opMmum carrying comfort, while maintaining that typical â€Å"French† touch of class. 34 Partnership - ­? Delsey Camera Bags †¢? Products nclude : BACKPACKS, BELT BAGS / POUCHES, NOTEBOOK CASES, SHOULDER BAGS, SWING BAGS, TROLLEY BAGS, ZOOMSTERS †¢? This cooperaMon help Delsey to expand t heir business to di? erent ?elds 35 Partnership - ­? Biztrails †¢? Delsey work with Biztrails. com which is operated by BCD Travel Germany. †¢? Biztrail. com provide travel informaMon to the consumer †¢? Biztrail. com will insert some informaMon of Delsey in the arMcles that introduce the places around the world. †¢? This cooperaMon help Delsey to reach the target consumer 36 Price of Delsey †¢? Price range of Delsey HKD$900- ­? $5,000 37 Delsey - ­? Distribution (Place) †¢? BouMque Store v Hysan Avenue How to cite Branded Luggage Analysis, Papers

Thursday, December 5, 2019

Politics of the United States of America-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Politics of the United States of America. Answer: Introduction: Political system is very important for a country to operate the country in an efficient way. Political system with good points of view can help a country to develop further economically, politically and socially. According to the magnitude of electorate, U.S stands second largest democratic country, all over the world (McKay 2017). America has a strong political system and being a developed country, this is very important for everyone to know about this system. In this report, the political system of America will be discussed. Moreover, the report will discuss about Barack Obamas statement related to power of the U.S presidency. American political system: According the constitution of the United States, the country follows a federal republic. In federal republic, president, federal courts and congress share powers the national government. The federal government maintains sovereignty with its state governments. The President of America leads the executive branch. This branch is independent of both the judiciary and legislature. The President gets a set of advisers from the cabinet. This cabinet included the Vice President and other heads of the executive departments. Legislative power is conferred in the two chambers of Congress. These are the House of Representatives and the Senate (Wilson, DiIulio Jr, Bose and Levendusky 2018). The two chief political parties of America are the Democratic Party and the Republic Party. However, there are also some other small political parties that exist in this country. Those parties are the Green Party, the Constitution Party and the Libertarian Party. Different features of political system of America: The political system of America has some differences from other developed democratic countries. In America, the upper house of the legislature enjoys more political power compare to other countries. On the other side, the Supreme Court possesses a wider scope of power. Moreover, the legislature, the executive, and the two political dominating parities can separate the powers of politics. Other political parties enjoy less political influence compare to other developed countries (Nugent 2017). This happens because the country has tough controls on its political system. Those controls have different forms. These are federal and state laws, winner-take-all elections and informal media prohibitions and so on. State government of America: The State government of this country is a unit and operates its function under then federal government. The state government of each state has access fiscal, executive and legislative authority within their limited geographical area. The elected governor is the chief executive of a state. The governor possesses this power for four years (Hershey 2017). Each state has a bicameral legislature. This has a upper house, that is, the Senate and a lower house, that is, the House of Representatives. Local Government of America: The country has 89,500 local governments with huge numbers of counties, municipalities, townships and school districts. Local governments serve everything to its local citizens (Hershey 2017). These include protections related to fire and police, education, health, housing and public transportation. President of America: The President of America is the head of both government and state. The President is also the chief diplomat and the military commander-in-chief. The country citizens of this country cannot choose their president directly by voting system. Rather, the Electoral College chooses the President. This college represents every state and has a combination of members in the Senate and the members in the House of Representatives from all states (Moffitt 2017). The President has powers to control the national affairs and the activities of the federal government. Moreover, he or she can issue executive orders that can further influence internal policies of the country. On the other hand, the President has the power to appoint Cabinet members, federal judges and Supreme Court justices. Barack Obamas statement: The 44th President of America has some statements about the power of the presidency of the U.S.A. he served as the President from 2009 to 2017. He took this responsibility from a positive point of view. He though that the unity among the citizens of America is the chief reason behind the development of the nation. However, according to him, democracy can be existed in the country further if some changes will occur within the country. He tried to point out about the equality and unalienable rights. For making the country stronger and democrat, it is very important for every citizen to speak about their conditions (Matvienko and Gavrylenko 2018). As the President bears huge responsibly of as developed country, Barack Obama stated that it is very difficult to handle the overall situation. According to him, a small decision can affect negatively on the whole countrys economy, politics and society. Moreover, this brings huge chance for the president to lose his position in future. Accordi ng to him, the country can improve its condition under a good leadership. This leadership can be obtained from an efficient president. Moreover, to improve the political conditions of the country, the President should be very optimistic. During his presidential period, Barack Obama faced various problem related to international affairs (Pan and Turner 2017). Hence, according to him, those situations should be controlled carefully without hampering the international relation with other countries. The President also suggests for giving importance on some important issues related to global warming and terrorisms (Cole and Harper 2017). According to him, terrorisms are a growing political problem that U.S is facing. Hence, it is very important to control this efficiently. There are also some other problems related to modern society. Those problems should be handled carefully. Hence, the President of the country bears great power to control the whole country. According to him, this power is increasing every day. However, this should be done carefully. Conclusion: After discussing the whole topics, it can be concluded that the country has a strong political power and this can help the country to develop further. Moreover, this political system of the country differs from other countries in some cases. The President of U.S faces huge responsibilities, as it is a democratic country. Barack Obama also stated about the presidency power of the country. He faced huge challenges and borne huge responsibilities at the time of his duty. He also faced various challenges during his presidential period. References: Cole, E.R. and Harper, S.R., 2017. Race and rhetoric: An analysis of college presidents statements on campus racial incidents.Journal of Diversity in Higher Education,10(4), p.318. Hershey, M.R., 2017.Party politics in America. Taylor Francis. Matvienko, V.M. and Gavrylenko, I.I., 2018. THE EXERCISE OF SOFT POWER BY THE US THROUGH THE USE OF MULTILATERAL DIPLOMACY DURING GW BUSH AND B. OBAMA PRESIDENCY.Actual problems of international relations, (133), pp.16-25. McKay, D., 2017.American politics and society. John Wiley Sons. Moffitt, S., 2017. Book Review: Campaigning for President in America, 17882016.Reference User Services Quarterly,56(2), pp.141-142. Nugent, N., 2017.The government and politics of the European Union. Springer. Pan, C. and Turner, O., 2017. Neoconservatism as discourse: Virtue, power and US foreign policy.European Journal of International Relations,23(1), pp.74-96. Wilson, J.Q., DiIulio Jr, J.J., Bose, M. and Levendusky, M.S., 2018.American government: Institutions and policies. Cengage Learning.