Chinua Achebe s Life Of Literature - 830 Words

Chinua Achebe is a renowned Nigeria novelist lauded for his work in literature. Chinua Achebe has been credited with numerous works of literature ranging from novels to journals. His work cuts across borders, making huge success and accepted globally in the world of literature. Even critics had to accept Chinua Achebe is the greatest our time, such was Charles H Rowell a literary critic issued in Callaloo a reputable magazine. There was no surprise when Chinua Achebe won the 1972 Commonwealth prize, he obviously deserved it, following his contribution to the world of literature. He has also been awarded an indefinite number of doctorates in various educational institutions across the seven continents. (Africa) First, Achebe was born in the Ogidi eastern part of Nigeria. He was born thirty years before Nigeria got her independence from the British government on November 16th, 1930. A day marked historically in African calendar. He was raised in the Christian faith, even though Christi anity as a religion was somewhat new in the community. Achebe, as a kid was interested in the local religions of the community as those, seem appealing to him through his friends. He participated in some of the traditional religion activities such as festivals and parades. Achebe in high school was exposed to the writings of several authors, most English writers probably due to the colonization of Nigeria as at that time. He carefully examined the works of Charles Dickens, Johnathan Swift, andShow MoreRelatedChinua Achebe s Life Of Literature999 Words   |  4 PagesEssay: Chinua Achebe Chinua Achebe is a renowned Nigeria novelist lauded for his work in literature. Chinua Achebe has been credited with numerous works of literature ranging from novels to journals. His work cuts across borders, making huge success and accepted globally in the world of literature. Even critics had to accept Chinua Achebe is the greatest our time, such was Charles H Rowell a literary critic issued in Callaloo a reputable magazine. There was no surprise when Chinua Achebe wonRead MoreImperialism In The 19Th Century Resulted In European Countries1726 Words   |  7 Pagescontrolling the social and cultural lives of natives in African countries.When Chinua Achebe published Things fall apart in 1958, a novel criticizing the European aspects of imperialism, his aspiration was to teach readers that â€Å"their past-with all its imperfections-was not one long night of savagery from which the first Europeans acting on God’s behalf delivered them†(Chinua Achebe on the Role o f the African Writer, 1964). Chinua Achebe helped change the western perception of African culture by using theRead MoreIgbo Culture : The Igbo People1643 Words   |  7 PagesUnpiled Chi Quote: The Igbo culture relies on a man trusting his gut.   As the proverb says, When a man says yes, his Chi says yes also (Achebe 19). My Ideas: The Igbo people refer their Chis their own personal god. A man should trust his own gut and mind in the Igbo society and they know that his Chi will agree with what he do. This is also saying that men should be responsible for their actions because ofthe fact that their Chi will always agree with them and cannot change their mind. Read MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe1415 Words   |  6 Pagespivotal in the development of a young mind and the book Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe does just that. This book should be taught in schools because it shows the values and traditions of Achebe’s Igbo culture, persistently teaches life lessons throughout the book, and shows the darker reality of European colonialism in Africa. Chinua Achebe is known as one of the most influential and famous authors to ever write. Chinua Achebe originates from an Igbo background and he expresses that through his writingsRead MoreDead Men s Path By Chinua Achebe940 Words   |  4 PagesWRT-201 November 11, 2014 Mena Mahany Dr. Tomko Dead Men’s Path The real world is objectively studied; so, we must step down from the ivory tower of institutional education and experience empirical quandaries. The short story, Dead Men’s Path by Chinua Achebe is a lesson learned parable that accepts the secular sciences for its progressive teachings. The main character Michael Obi embraces an intellectual prophet persona that he arrogantly flaunts in order to sensationalize his new promotion as headmasterRead MoreBiography of Chinua Achebe2083 Words   |  9 PagesChinua Achebe: Africa most beloved author The Prominent Igbo writer, famous for his novels describing the effects of western customs and values on traditional African society. Achebe’s satire and his keen ear for spoken language have made him one of the most highly esteemed African writers in English. Chinua Achebe was born in eastern Nigeria on November 16, 1930 Isaiah and Janet Achebe (Bucker pars.1). Isaiah Okafor Achebe was a catechist for the Church Missionary Society and his wife to traveledRead MoreChinua Achebe : The Invention And Mastery Of Modern African Literature1695 Words   |  7 Pages In her essay Chinua Achebe: The Invention and Mastery of Modern African Literature Emeka Aniagolu labels Chinua Achebe as â€Å"the single most important literary figure in modern African literature† (1). Aniagolu goes on to praise Achebe as â€Å"perhaps the most well-known, most widely read, most translated, and most widely respected modern African writer, novelist and polemical essayist†, especially considering he as been crowned as the inventor of modern African literature (1). The praise he has receivedRead MoreA Civilization Falls Apart Essay1167 Words   |  5 PagesMost of what we know to be African Literature, talks about the changes from an un-dignified lion -chasing culture to that of a semi-dignified European society. The novel Things Fall Apart by Nigerian-born author Chinua Achebe, tells the story of a Umuofian villager named Okonkwo, and how Okonkwo has to come to grips with the changes that are happening in everyday Ibo life. The novel Things Fall Apart is not your typical tall African tale. The novel is a story, a story not just about one personRead MoreChinua Achebe : The Invention And Mastery Of Modern African Literature1595 Words   |  7 Pages2015 TITLE In her essay Chinua Achebe: The Invention and Mastery of Modern African Literature Emeka Aniagolu labels Chinua Achebe as â€Å"the single most important literary figure in modern African literature† (1). Aniagolu goes on to praise Achebe as â€Å"perhaps the most well-known, most widely read, most translated, and most widely respected modern African writer, novelist and polemical essayist†, especially considering he as been crowned as the inventor of modern African literature (1). The praise he hasRead MoreThe Book Things Fall Apart Is One Of Africa’S Most Significant1601 Words   |  7 PagesAfrica’s most significant works of literature. Because of its unique spin on European colonialism from an African tribesman’s perspective and its eloquent use of Igbo vocabulary, the volume continually draws in readers from various backgrounds and locations. Attention to detail and foreshadowing are common throughout the book; zeroing in on certain motifs an d themes relating to African culture. One motif examined throughout the novel is chi. Author Chinua Achebe expresses the conflict between whether

Antigone The Theme Of Violence In Literature - 707 Words

Violence is everywhere in literature. Many authors use violence in their writing to capture a reader’s attention and to convey their message strongly. In literature, violence was used for a purpose. Antigone is filled with many violent imagery, countless arguments causing conflict between characters, and the violence of many murders and suicides. Pride, myth, and gender inequality are also major themes throughout the play. In the book, How to Read Literature Like a Professor, Foster helps the reader get a better understanding on how to thoroughly analyze its context. It can help reading tough writing, like Antigone, a little bit easier by breaking the text and investigating its deeper meaning. There is no doubt that pride is a trait†¦show more content†¦Variations of myths and storytelling have transcended boundaries since the beginning of time. Mythology is still important today. For one thing, it makes up a major part of a person’s heritage. It is a constant reminder of who we are and where we come from. Every culture has their own legends, folktales, and myths. Throughout Greek mythology, women were considered negative symbols. On the other hand, men were appreciated for their strength and skills. Many popular Greek stories portray the women with the role of a villain, victim, and rarely the role of a protagonist. Throughout the story, Creon says that the pressure to defeat her is greater because she is a woman. Ismene argues, â€Å"Bethink thee, sister, we are left alone; Shall we not perish wretchedest of all, If in defiance of the law we cross A monarchs will?--weak women, think of that, not framed by nature to contend with men† (Sopholes Line s 57- 61.) Ismene believes that they are being treated unfairly because of their gender. Just because they are women, they lack the power to defy the state. The freedom of women was very limited in Greece. The rules placed on them were unfair. Also, the hierarchy felt threatened by Antigone’s rebellion. The story of Antigone is an inspirational and eye opening story. It tells a story of a young woman who was brave, strong, andShow MoreRelatedDeath By Sophocles And The Holy Bible953 Words   |  4 PagesDeath is a very popular theme in world literature; authors seem to feed off the anguish it causes readers. However, there are many types of deaths from many different eras. For example, in its broadest sense death has two forms homicide and suicide. Homicide for instance, dates all the way back to the two earliest works of literature known to man; The Epic of Gilgamesh and The Holy Bible. Suicide is also ancient, but has a much darker feel to it. Despite death being universa l throughout time, thereRead MoreAnalysis Of Antigone By Sophocles1078 Words   |  5 Pageswas able to portray the ambiguity of our reality. Antigone and Kreon both have valid reasoning and are justified in their views in Sophocles’ tragedy Antigone. Neither is purely good or evil, but are simply two embodiments of contradicting beliefs, each based upon just reasoning. Antigone’s rebellion is based on her love for her brother, an act of emotion and passion. Kreon’s verdict is based upon logic and reason from his position of power. Antigone is a princess of Thebes, and also the bride-to-beRead MoreThe Burial at Thebes Essay1324 Words   |  6 Pagesfavor of moral law. Antigone made a respectable decision to observe the higher law. It is only proper to consider the background of any Greek tragedy. We have to take into consideration the emphasis that was placed on religious beliefs as well as Greek culture as a whole. While Creon is the King and creates the laws of men in Thebes, he himself must answer to the ultimate authority of the gods. In reference to Creon’s decision not to give Polyneces a proper burial, Antigone replies that, â€Å"religionRead MoreThe Tragic Hero Of Sophocles Antigone1805 Words   |  8 Pagesinfluenced the modern world of literature. One of the authors at the forefront of Greek tragedies was Sophocles. One of Sophocles most famous pieces of work is, Antigone. Written in 440 B.C in Athens, Greece, Sophocles uses this play to dramatize a series of events that unfolds when pride becomes more important than loyalty to family. Controversy still remains today of whom the tragic hero of Antigone is, but some scholars b elieve that Antigone herself is the tragic hero. Antigone goes past conventionalRead MoreWhen It Comes To Adapting An Existing Story, We Must First1409 Words   |  6 PagesMolora. Molora is an adaptation of the well-known piece of literature Oresteia. Yael Farber uses the Oresteia trilogy and re-imagines the story of the cursed House of Atreus in the context of Apartheid South Africa s aftermath as well as its Truth and Reconciliation Commission. However, in his adaptation, but unlike the original, Farber breaks the cycle of violence, saying â€Å" I have long wanted to create a work that explores the cycle of violence and the dilemma of survivors who have to choose betweenRead MoreMulan1185 Words   |  5 PagesHayden Ikerd Mr. Wheeler AP Literature 12 April, 2013 Thomas Foster’s Themes Traced in Mulan In his book How to Read Literature Like a Professor, Thomas Foster explains many reoccurring themes in literature, and shows how to recognize them and in some instances shows certain works where they occur. By reading this guide to literature, one may gain a deeper understanding of the work itself and of the author’s intent in writing it. However, Foster’s methods can also be applied to films. A filmRead MoreNoting Details1540 Words   |  7 Pagesnoting of details may be used later in a speech, an essay or any other type of future reference of written or oral form. The meaning of noting details is that you remember the good things, DETAILED, EXPLAINED things that make the book or story or literature piece good. So you note them down to remember them. :D de ·tail  Ã‚   An individual feature, fact, or item. | | | Verb Describe item by item; give the full particulars of. | | | Synonyms noun.  Ã‚   | particular | verb.  Ã‚   | itemize - particularizeRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Antigone - Hubris And Drama Essay2078 Words   |  9 PagesOlivia Seeney ENGL 330 Studies in World Literature 11/21/16 Hubris and Drama in Antigone Hubris may be categorized as two things. As a part of the Greek theater hubris qualifies as being â€Å"the intentional use of violence to humiliate or degrade (Luebering).† However, a more modern qualification defines hubris as â€Å"exaggerated pride or self-confidence (Hubris).† Throughout Antigone both of these different characterizations of the word hubris can be found in specific events and characters. Being a GreekRead MoreComparison of Medea by Euripides, Jean Anouilh and Wesley Enouch2675 Words   |  11 Pagessubjugation of slaves (Sparknotes on Medea n.d.). This critique and commentary resulted in Euripides being â€Å"roundly abused and less favoured than traditional playwrights† during his life, but many of his works endure today and are in the cannon of classic literature (McNamara 1999, p8). Jean Anouilh was born on June 23rd 1910 in a small village near Bordeaux in France and died in 1987 (Freeman 2005, p vi). His mother was a violinist in the casino orchestra and has been credited with influencing his formativeRead More Pathetic vs Ethical1997 Words   |  8 PagesAristotle’s Poetics is a â€Å"reservoir of the themes and schemes deployed in ancient Greek tragedy and poetry† (Poetics iii). Written around 330 B.C., it was the first work of literature to make a distinction amongst the various literary genres and provide a proper analysis of them. In Poetics, Aristotle places a big emphasis on the genre of tragedy. When one hears of the word tragedy, one already assumes that something bad has occurred to an individual and an immediate emotion of sorrow occurs, but

Analysis of Badinerie by J.S Bach free essay sample

The piece Badinage is in a light mood and structured in the Binary Form. It is cast in swift 2/4 meter beginning on the upbeat or musicians. This piece was originally written for a Chamber Orchestra and a solo flute. The piece starts In B minor and played In allegro tempo throughout. Badinage start with a mess forte dynamic marking meaning moderately loud with motive A in the pickup bar at the beginning and motive B starts on the second beat in bar two to bar 3. The Antecedent ranges from the beginning of the USIA to the first beat of bar four, which ends on a Perfect Authentic Cadence. The Consequent started on the second beat of bar for four to the first beat of bar ten, which ended on an Imperfect Cadence a one to a five suspended two chord In second inversion. They are long phrases throughout the duration of the piece. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of Badinerie by J.S Bach or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the first five bars the bass line plays a Bass Continuo style in Baroque music, however in modern day it is called a Walking Bass style. In bars six to ten the melody line plays a similar rhythm that the bass was playing in the first five bars and the ass line plays a similar rhythm to what the melody line was playing.The second beat of bar 10 the dynamic marking changes to forte meaning loud which is the beginning of the phrase extension and sequential progression to bar 16. There Is a great build up in this phrase with a mess forte crescendo leading up to forte and the use of sixteen notes in the bass notes the section intense and bright. Bar sixteen the end of the first section is repeated and ends on an Imperfect five of five going to five cadence called atomization. The second section of the piece is a development of A, which Is the same melody played a fifth up.The Antecedent started from the pickup beat to the first beat of bar three on a five of three going to a three cadence. The piece then modulated to D major in the next bar then f# minor in bar 30 then back to b minor in bar thirty two. There is a phrase extension starting on the second beat of bar twenty to the first beat of bar twenty eight. The same idea comes back again of the melody line taking the rhythm of the bass line and the bass line taken the rhythm of the melody line in bars went eight to thirty two.There are pedal points in bars 33 to 35, interesting to note that there is use of octaves. In bars thirty six the first beat has a loud dynamic marking and the second beat has a soft dynamic marking which is quite interesting. There is a crescendo in the next bar leading up to forte towards the second to last bar. This section is then repeated and the section time around there is a rite. 2 Volta Inch means turn around then retard the second time. The piece ends on a Perfect Authentic Cadence.

Inner Journeys free essay sample

What extent has studying the concept of inner journeys expanded your understanding of yourself individuals and of the world? Inner journeys are about the process in which we move from naivity to maturity. In this proccess we learn new things about ourself that help us grow and become wiser and better people. The texts cosi by louis Nowra, the film groudhog day and the poem the road not taken all depict journeys of the mind and spirit which open up a greater understanding of the sense of self. In cosi louis nowra presents the inner journey of lewis, a young first time director who is hired to direct a play to bring the inmates of an asylum out of their shells . At the begining of the play lewis is indecisive in his understanding of others, uncertain of his opinions and unconfident of his own abilies. Diresting cosi fan tutti with emotionally and mentally handicapped people is the catalysts for lewis own emotional and mental maturity. We will write a custom essay sample on Inner Journeys or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As a metaphor for the world the charred theatre represents the challenges that will confront lewis. The characterization of lewis is established by the realism that of his language when he initially states i need the money. However this realism is threatened when both nick and lucy leave him alone to deal with the inmates. lewiss growing fear and uncertainty is emphasized through Nowras stage directions. Gradually as lewis spends more time with the patients like when he like when he lies about cherry thats why she spends so much time in the toilets in order to keep the production going he starts to see the value it has for them. Lewis also changes his attitude toward love and fidelity. This evident in the contrast when he says loves not so important nowadays to now saying without love the world wouldnt mean much. Nowra uses the play within play within play structure to emphasize the importance of love and fidelity. The opera cosi fan tutti functions somewhat as a mimetic device as it becomes a reflection of lewis relationship with lucy and his realisation that fidelity is an essential part of love. The inner journey that allowed lewis to gain this insight has been a product of his relationship with the mental patients. Finally lewis develops personally as a a director. Initially conveyed as a timid character, evident as roy talks over him, he learns to control and direct as he gains the respect of the mental patients. The film groundhog day starring bill Murray shows the Inner journey of Phill as he is trapped in a recurring day. Through the brilliance of the plot we can observe as he deals with his unique predicament. We see how he struggles to find meaning and purpose in life. Each day he experiments with new thoughts and behaviors and he learns what works and what doesnt. Any change that occurs must be inside him because only he can change. All the other characters repaet eaxcly what they did the day before. This shines an intense light on Phils abilty to change himself. Over countless days he learns that what pleasure he thought would make him happy have failed to, and he has to accept his old self has completely run out of steam. From this he is forced to place all his attention on changing the way he interprets the world, on his personal reality by changing his attitudes, values thoughts and feelings. like lewis he literally recreates himself becoming a mature. loving and giving person. His journey proves that inner change is the key to personal growth and happiness. The road not taken by Robert frost uses a metaphor of traveling to explore our chooses in life. It depicts the difficulty of making choices available and presented to people. Frost traces the way we make decisions, enjoying the options life has to offer us yet he also acknowledges that we cannot realistically do everything that is presented to us. The first person perspective instantly brings the audience close to the experience being recounted. The use of i establishes the personas personal dilemmas as his journey brings him to two roads diverge in a yellow wood. Two roads and yellow woods are metaphors for the choices he confronts. Rhyming creates a flow to the piece while the rhythm forces us to pause effective for thinking what the persona is contemplating. Stanza 1 shows that persona is sorry i could not travel both roads and show that lifes journey requires chooses that exclude alternatives. The second stanza shows that the choice has been made. The use of the language As just as Fair and Perhaps suggests both roads are equal. However there is slight confusion of the personas choice, conveyed in perhaps the better claim, really about the same. At the time of his choice he believes it was a better claim than the other. Later he thinks there much the same. In the third stanza, the exclamation oh I kept the first for another day! suggests the optimism of being able to retread ones steps and take lifes journey by a different route. But the use of the conjunction yet he later says I doubted if i should ever come back which suggests that after taking one route, Thats the route he has to live by, it is a choice he has made in life. Finally in the last stanza the pause suggests regret. The persona is now not sure if he took the better route but this decision is one we have to make in life and we have to life with the consequences and hopefully learn from our past experiences. The poem suggests that inner journeys are irreversible and the choice we make define the person who we become and our understanding of life and the world. This idea is similar to lewis experience where his decision to direct Cosi fan tutti moulds him. Through a close analysis of the three texts Cosi, The film Ground hog day And the poem the road not taken by robert frost that convey the ideas that an inner journey forms as a response to lifes changes and particularly the climatic moments which force a spiritual, mental and emotional re-evaluation of values of priorities. Inner Journeys free essay sample What extent has studying the concept of inner journeys expanded your understanding of yourself individuals and of the world? Inner journeys are about the process in which we move from naivity to maturity. In this proccess we learn new things about ourself that help us grow and become wiser and better people. The texts cosi by louis Nowra, the film groudhog day and the poem the road not taken all depict journeys of the mind and spirit which open up a greater understanding of the sense of self. In cosi louis nowra presents the inner journey of lewis, a young first time director who is hired to direct a play to bring the inmates of an asylum out of their shells . At the begining of the play lewis is indecisive in his understanding of others, uncertain of his opinions and unconfident of his own abilies. Diresting cosi fan tutti with emotionally and mentally handicapped people is the catalysts for lewis own emotional and mental maturity. We will write a custom essay sample on Inner Journeys or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As a metaphor for the world the charred theatre represents the challenges that will confront lewis. The characterization of lewis is established by the realism that of his language when he initially states i need the money. However this realism is threatened when both nick and lucy leave him alone to deal with the inmates. lewiss growing fear and uncertainty is emphasized through Nowras stage directions. Gradually as lewis spends more time with the patients like when he like when he lies about cherry thats why she spends so much time in the toilets in order to keep the production going he starts to see the value it has for them. Lewis also changes his attitude toward love and fidelity. This evident in the contrast when he says loves not so important nowadays to now saying without love the world wouldnt mean much. Nowra uses the play within play within play structure to emphasize the importance of love and fidelity. The opera cosi fan tutti functions somewhat as a mimetic device as it becomes a reflection of lewis relationship with lucy and his realisation that fidelity is an essential part of love. The inner journey that allowed lewis to gain this insight has been a product of his relationship with the mental patients. Finally lewis develops personally as a a director. Initially conveyed as a timid character, evident as roy talks over him, he learns to control and direct as he gains the respect of the mental patients. The film groundhog day starring bill Murray shows the Inner journey of Phill as he is trapped in a recurring day. Through the brilliance of the plot we can observe as he deals with his unique predicament. We see how he struggles to find meaning and purpose in life. Each day he experiments with new thoughts and behaviors and he learns what works and what doesnt. Any change that occurs must be inside him because only he can change. All the other characters repaet eaxcly what they did the day before. This shines an intense light on Phils abilty to change himself. Over countless days he learns that what pleasure he thought would make him happy have failed to, and he has to accept his old self has completely run out of steam. From this he is forced to place all his attention on changing the way he interprets the world, on his personal reality by changing his attitudes, values thoughts and feelings. like lewis he literally recreates himself becoming a mature. loving and giving person. His journey proves that inner change is the key to personal growth and happiness. The road not taken by Robert frost uses a metaphor of traveling to explore our chooses in life. It depicts the difficulty of making choices available and presented to people. Frost traces the way we make decisions, enjoying the options life has to offer us yet he also acknowledges that we cannot realistically do everything that is presented to us. The first person perspective instantly brings the audience close to the experience being recounted. The use of i establishes the personas personal dilemmas as his journey brings him to two roads diverge in a yellow wood. Two roads and yellow woods are metaphors for the choices he confronts. Rhyming creates a flow to the piece while the rhythm forces us to pause effective for thinking what the persona is contemplating. Stanza 1 shows that persona is sorry i could not travel both roads and show that lifes journey requires chooses that exclude alternatives. The second stanza shows that the choice has been made. The use of the language As just as Fair and Perhaps suggests both roads are equal. However there is slight confusion of the personas choice, conveyed in perhaps the better claim, really about the same. At the time of his choice he believes it was a better claim than the other. Later he thinks there much the same. In the third stanza, the exclamation oh I kept the first for another day! suggests the optimism of being able to retread ones steps and take lifes journey by a different route. But the use of the conjunction yet he later says I doubted if i should ever come back which suggests that after taking one route, Thats the route he has to live by, it is a choice he has made in life. Finally in the last stanza the pause suggests regret. The persona is now not sure if he took the better route but this decision is one we have to make in life and we have to life with the consequences and hopefully learn from our past experiences. The poem suggests that inner journeys are irreversible and the choice we make define the person who we become and our understanding of life and the world. This idea is similar to lewis experience where his decision to direct Cosi fan tutti moulds him. Through a close analysis of the three texts Cosi, The film Ground hog day And the poem the road not taken by robert frost that convey the ideas that an inner journey forms as a response to lifes changes and particularly the climatic moments which force a spiritual, mental and emotional re-evaluation of values of priorities.

Public Policy vs. Social Norms and Corruption

Public Policy vs. Social Norms and Corruption Inefficient Public Policy in Sub-Sahara Africa An efficient public policy in Sub-Saharan Africa stands as an elusive solution to mismanagement of resources amid chronic poverty. In an age when the rise of Africa to the middle-income status looks imminent, authorities must invest efforts to provide solutions in public policy. Corruption that stifles development and the culture of impunity thriving across Sub-Saharan Africa must subside if the gains of imminent rise will suffice. Authorities must make efforts in curbing corruption and supporting reforms in social norms by providing necessary facilitation. In this regard, prominent anticorruption steps suitable for prescription, strengthening institutions, civil service, and economic reforms must appear in the public sector. Strengthening Public Institutions Public institutions suffer the blunt of corruption and impunity from an inefficient public service system. Therefore, weaker regulations must pave the way to vibrant systems that ad d value to the economies in Sub-Saharan Africa.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Public Policy vs. Social Norms and Corruption specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Political processes enshrined in democratic values of integrity and accountability must continue to shape the institutional framework in the region. Instability in political transition across many jurisdictions in the region poses inherent weakness in public institutions due to the vacuum in political goodwill (Okogbule 92). The author proposes effective civilian administration with strong democratic systems such as legislation for laws curbing corruption. Civil Service Reform Corruption thrives in the absence of checks and balances occasioned by a vibrant civil society, making civil services a necessity in Sub-Saharan Africa. Democratic space witnessed in the west supports the civil service activities that facilitate constant checks in the public sector. Case s of corruption subside in an environment with a vibrant civil service, which must guide reforms needed in Sub-Saharan Africa (Fearon 114). Unionism and activism for various reform issues, especially with regard to integrity and accountability will prove influential in introducing reforms. Gains achieved among emerging democracies in Sub-Saharan Africa such as Kenya and Ghana rest in the hands of civilian watch. Therefore, involvement of civilians in transformation of the society will continue to provide desired social changes devoid of corrupt tendencies (Otusanya 176). Economic Reforms Economic processes in Sub-Saharan Africa require transformations to correspond with the rest of the global economy. In view of the needed economic reforms, bottlenecks in economies must not stand in the way of elimination of corruption opportunities. Bureaucracies provide bottlenecks in the smooth running of economic policies, which creates leakages of national resources into pockets of a few indivi duals. Trade tariffs, on the other hand, restrict free trade among Sub-Saharan Africa nations, opening routes for lucrative contraband dealings among corrupt officials. Unified markets and fewer restrictions in the region continue to evade realization of open business opportunities for African nations. Corrupt trade officials taking charge of inefficient systems pose an enormous challenge in the introduction of credible practices to benefit the entire region. In the case of Sierra Leone, one of the strongest challenge facing social change and accountability perhaps, relates to the lack of strong institutions. The lack of strong anti-corruption institutions conspicuously manifests in the lack of support from enforcement environment in different corruption loopholes. As studies conducted by Rodgers (268) indicate, illegal mining and dealing in gold occasioned the gruesome rebel war in Sierra Leone.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get y our first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In view of the inefficiencies witnessed in the illegal diamonds trade, prescription for sufficient remedy comes from the presence of institutional oversight. Political and civil institutions in Sierra Leone could stop the escalation of illegal trade to a full-blown rebel war. The choice of this prescription supports the premise that strong institutional background will stop illegal trade processes at some stage and eliminate corruption. Fearon, D. James. â€Å"International Financial Institutions and Economic Policy Reform in Sub-Saharan Africa.† Journal of Modern African Studies 26. 1(1988): 113-137. Print Okogbule, S. Nlerum. â€Å"An Appraisal of the Legal and Institutional Framework for Combating Corruption in Nigeria.† Journal of Financial Crime 13.1(2006): 92-106. Print Otusanya, J. Olatunde. â€Å"An Investigation of the Financial Criminal Practices of the Elite in Developing Countries: Evidence from Nige ria.† Journal of Financial Crime 19.2(2012): 175-206. Print Rodgers, J. Elizabeth. â€Å"Conflict Diamonds: Certification and Corruption: A Case Study of Sierra Leone.† Journal of Financial Crime 13.3(2006): 267-276. Print

High Performance Coaching Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

High Performance Coaching - Essay Example From a historical perspective, â€Å"the systematization of sports science support for football teams is a relatively recent development which all of the football codes have followed to varying degrees† (Reilly & Araujo 2005: 11). Coaches elevate their team’s performance through training and instruction. In soccer, the demands placed on the players are grouped as four interdependent components of the game: technique, tactics, fitness and psychology. For raising a team’s high performance potential to its maximum level, and for preventing it from getting weighted down by a weak component, coaching has to focus on improving each of the components. Although performance perfection is never attained in sport, teams can reach their highest peak performance level when all the players are simultaneously â€Å"One of the key principles of sports science is that learning is accelerated when practice activities succeed in replicating the demands of the game† (Daniel 2004: 1). This is termed as the principle of sports specificity. An example is that the ball is rarely stationary in open play, with intensive pace and flight of the ball and timing of the runs; therefore practising crosses using a stationary ball from only 20 yards out does not enhance the players’ skill in successfully executing crosses in a game where on a regulation size field the crosses will originate from further out. Similarly, receiving balls at the edge of the penalty area, and using a leisurely five or six touches to turn and prepare for a shot, does not help a forward to prepare for the demands of his position, because during a competitive match he will not be allowed as much time and space on the ball so close to goal. The high levels of fitness required by soccer players to meet the physical demands of a game, calls for fitness training that is multifactorial, covering the different aspects of physical performance in soccer.

Contemporary management systems research report Assignment

Contemporary management systems research report - Assignment Example The domain of internal and external factors for Virgin Airways would be discussed using the PEST and SWOT analysis respectively so as to give a more explicit insight into the influencing factors for the company. Political – Legal Impacts: In terms of the political scenario, it can be seen that the liberal policy environment along with the airline industry deregulation has served as a major factor boosting competition in the industry and encouraging new entrants in the market. Economic Impacts: The economic turmoil following the events of 9/11 and SARS has put the airline industry in a challenging environment. Along with that, the rising prices of fuel have increased the basic costs of flights while the consumer base on the other hand is reluctant to spend money in times of rising inflation. Socio-Cultural Impacts: In this context, the challenge is to get an adequate labour force for the operations from the tight labour markets especially for operations requiring skilled labour, which is quite essential for the airline industry. Technological Impacts: The rapidly changing advancement in technology has led to the creation of knowledge dependent global industries. The biggest challenge today for all companies is to keep pace with these advancements and talking in context of Virgin Airways; they would have to upgrade their operations and aircrafts to achieve better economies of scale in these testing times. Strengths: The greatest strength that Virgin Airways has is that of a strong supporting structure in form of the Virgin Group. Along with that, the company has well established itself as a well-recognized brand in the market that it serves as a low cost, no-frills travelling service provider capitalizing perfectly on the need of the time. Weaknesses: On the downside, Virgin Airways is faced with strong competition from Qantas Airlines that follows a more or less similar business model. Hence, the